The Geographic Information System (GIS) combines many of the traditional types and styles of mapping. GIS mapping uses a database of information gathered by scientists, professionals, and students like you from around the world to create layers, or “themes,” of information that can be placed one on top of the other to create a comprehensive map. These “themes” are often maps that were created with information gathered by remote sensing.
Scientists from many disciplines use GIS technologies. A geologist might use GIS mapping when studying a volcano to help track historical eruptions. An ecologist might use GIS mapping to track pollution or to follow animal or plant population trends of a given area.
GIS maps might contain many layers of information compiled from several different types of maps, such as a geologic map and a topographic map. Layers such as rivers, topography, roads, and landforms from the same geographic area can be placed on top of each other to create a comprehensive map. One major difference between GIS mapping and traditional mapping is that a GIS map can be updated as new information is loaded into the database. Once a map is created, the layers are still linked to the original information. If this information changes, the GIS layers also change. The result is a map that is always up-todate — a valuable resource for people who rely on current information.
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